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Locarno Classification for Industrial Designs (15th edition, LOC 15)

The Locarno Classification is the international classification for industrial designs established by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It divides products into 32 classes and their subclasses according to use and appearance. A common classification helps offices examine, search and compare similar designs and makes searching more efficient. The classification is purely administrative and does not determine the scope of protection of a design (Locarno Agreement, Article 2(1)).

It is established and maintained under the Locarno Agreement and revised regularly by WIPO. The structure is Class → Subclass → indicative items, with notes explaining what is included and excluded. It is widely used for design applications, searches and statistics.

This directory and its explanations are general information and a search aid, not legal advice. The official version and the competent office's examination prevail. If your product spans several classes or is hard to classify, we recommend consulting a professional attorney for case-specific advice.

Data version: Locarno Classification, 15th edition (LOC 15, in force since 1 January 2025). Chinese terms follow the CNIPA Chinese edition; English terms are taken from WIPO. The 16th edition enters into force on 1 January 2027. Spanish terms are J&C reference translations; selected entries were revised or completed on 13 October 2026.
02 Articles of clothing and haberdashery

Note: Not including articles of clothing for dolls (Cl. 21-01), special equipment for protection against fire hazards, for accident prevention and for rescue (Cl. 29), and animal clothing (Cl. 30-01).

Note: Including orthopaedic corsets and body linen. Not including household linen (Cl. 06-13).

Editorial clarification: Here “body linen” means undergarments and “household linen” means household textiles; “linen” does not limit their material to flax. The quoted Chinese wording is preserved as published.

Note: Including all sorts of garments, and furs, bathing costumes, sports clothing and orthopaedic garments, subject to the exceptions indicated under b. Not including undergarments (Cl. 02-01), or garments to be placed in Cl. 02-03, Cl. 02-04, Cl. 02-05 or Cl. 02-06.

Note: Including all kinds of headwear for men, women and children.

Note: Including special boots for sports such as football, skiing and climbing, orthopaedic footwear and socks, as well as tights, gaiters and other legwear.

Note: Including all "flat" clothing accessories.

Note: Including surgical gloves and rubber or plastic protective gloves for household use or for various occupations or sports.

Note: Including buttons, clasps for garments, for headwear and for footwear, laces, pins, hand sewing, knitting and embroidery equipment and clothing accessories such as belts, straps for suspender belts, braces. Not including yarns or other threads (Cl. 05-01), decorative trimmings (Cl. 05-04), sewing, knitting and embroidery machines (Cl. 15-06) or sewing kits (containers) (Cl. 03-01).

04 Brushware

Note: Not including clothes brushes (Cl. 04-02).

Note: "Toilet brushes" means brushes for corporal use, for example, for the hair, nails or teeth. Not including electric toothbrushes [appliances] (Cl. 28-03).

Note: "Brushes for machines" means brushes incorporated in machines or in special vehicles.

05 Textile piece goods, artificial and natural sheet material

Note: Including all textile or similar articles, sold by the yard and not made up. Not including ready-made articles (Cl. 02 or Cl. 06).

Editorial clarification: “Sold by the yard” refers to textile piece goods sold by length and not made up. The quoted Chinese edition uses wording that may suggest yarn; it is preserved as published.

Note: Including yarn and thread. Not including, for instance, rope, wire rope, string, twine (Cl. 09-06).

Note: Including textile fabrics, woven, knitted or otherwise manufactured, tarpaulins, felt and loden.

Editorial clarification: “Otherwise manufactured” refers to other methods of manufacture and does not restrict the category to man-made fibres. The quoted Chinese wording is preserved as published.

Note: Including sheets whose only characteristic features are their surface ornamentation or their texture, in particular, covering sheets such as wallpaper, linoleum, self-adhesive plastic sheets, wrapping sheets and rolls of paper, subject to the exceptions indicated under b. Not including writing paper, even in rolls (Cl. 19-01), or sheets used as building components, such as wall panels and wainscoting (Cl. 25-01).

06 Furnishing

Note: Composite furniture articles embodying components included in several subclasses are classified in Cl. 06-05. Sets of furniture, as far as they can be looked upon as one design, are classified in Cl. 06-05. Not including textile piecegoods (Cl. 05).

Note: Including all seats even if they are suitable for laying, such as benches, couches, divans [sofas], ottomans, benches for saunas and sofas. Including vehicle seats.

Note: Including mattress supports. Not including seats suitable for laying (Cl. 06-01), such as benches, couches, divans [sofas], ottomans, benches for saunas and sofas.

Note: Not including tables for games (Cl. 21-01) or for sports (Cl. 21-02).

Note: Including cupboards, furniture with drawers or compartments, and shelves. Including coffins, coffin linings and crematory urns.

Note: Not including mirrors included in other classes (see Alphabetical List).

Note: Including furniture covers, bedspreads and table covers.

07 Household goods, not elsewhere specified

Note: Including household appliances and utensils operated by hand, even if motor driven. Not including machines and appliances for preparing food and drink (Cl. 31).

Note: Including dishes and crockery in all materials, in particular, paper and cardboard dishes. Not including cooking utensils and containers, such as glass and earthenware pots (Cl. 07-02), or flower vases, flower pots and china and glassware of a purely ornamental nature (Cl. 11-02).

Note: Not including appliances and utensils classified in Cl. 07-02 and in Cl. 31. Not including kitchen knives, knives for boning meat (Cl. 08-03).

Note: Not including electric household appliances for washing, cleaning or drying (Cl. 15-05).

08 Tools and hardware

Note: Including hand-operated tools, even if mechanical power takes the place of muscular force, for example, electric saws and drills. Not including machines or machine tools (Cl. 15 or Cl. 31).

Note: Including tools and instruments for sawing. Not including table knives (Cl. 07-03), cutting tools and implements for kitchen use (Cl. 31), or knives used in surgery (Cl. 24-02).

Note: Including tools which are not classified, or not to be placed, in other subclasses or classes. Including sanding blocks and discs for sanding machines. Not including sandpaper (Cl. 05-06).

Note: Not including buckles [haberdashery] (Cl. 02-07) and key rings (Cl. 03-01).

Note: Including nails, screws, nuts and bolts. Not including fastening devices for clothing (Cl. 02-07), for adornment (Cl. 11-01), or for office use (Cl. 19-02).

Note: Including repair stands or stands for parking cycles. Not including retractable stands that are parts of cycles (Cl. 12-11).

Note: Including non-electric cables, regardless of the material of which they are made.

09 Packaging and containers for the transport or handling of goods

Note: "Pots" means those serving as containers. Not including pots regarded as crockery (Cl. 07-01), or flower pots (Cl. 11-02).

Note: Including freight containers.

Note: Including plastic bags or sachets, with or without handle or means of closing. "Capsules" means those used for packaging.

Note: Including only closing means for packaging. "Attachments" means, for example, dispensing and dosing devices incorporated in containers and detachable atomizers.

10 Clocks and watches and other measuring instruments, checking and signalling instruments

Note: Including electrically-driven instruments.

Note: Including time-measuring apparatus such as parking meters, timers for kitchen use and similar instruments.

Note: Including instruments, apparatus and devices for measuring temperature, pressure, weight, length, volume and electricity. Not including exposure meters (Cl. 16-05). Not including specialized medical measuring instruments (Cl. 24-02).

Note: Including fire and burglar alarms, and detectors of various types. Not including specialized medical testing apparatus and equipment (Cl. 24-01).

Note: Not including lighting or signalling devices for vehicles (Cl. 26-06).

Note: "Casings" means watch and clock casings and all casings being integral parts of instruments for which they protect the mechanism, with the exception of cases specially designed for their contents (Cl. 03-01) or for packaging (Cl. 09-03).

11 Articles of adornment

Note: Including costume and imitation jewellery. Not including watches (Cl. 10-02).

Note: Including sculptures, mobiles and statues.

Note: Including garlands, streamers and Christmas tree decorations. Not including candles (Cl. 26-04).

12 Means of transport or hoisting

Note: Including all vehicles: land, sea, air, space and others. Including parts, components and accessories which exist only in connection with a vehicle and cannot be placed in another class; these parts, components and accessories of vehicles are to be placed in the subclass of the vehicle in question, or in Cl. 12-16 if they are common to several vehicles included in different subclasses. Not including, in principle, parts, components and accessories of vehicles which can be placed in another class; these parts, components and accessories are to be placed in the same class as articles of the same type, in other words, having the same function. Thus, carpets or mats for automobiles are to be placed with carpets (Cl. 06-11); electric motors for vehicles are to be placed in Cl. 13-01, and non-electric motors for vehicles in Cl. 15-01 (the same applies to the components of such motors); automobile headlamps are to be placed with lighting apparatus (Cl. 26-06). Not including scale models of vehicles (Cl. 21-01).

Note: Including passenger lifts, goods lifts, cranes, forklift trucks and conveyor belts.

Note: Including ambulances and refrigerated lorries.

Note: Including caravans.

Note: "Perambulators" means hand-pushed carriages for carrying babies. Not including toy perambulators or strollers (Cl. 21-01).

Note: Including only vehicles not specifically intended for transport, such as street-cleaning vehicles, watering lorries, fire engines, snowploughs and breakdown lorries. Not including mixed-purpose agricultural machines (Cl. 15-03), or self-propelled machines for use in construction and civil engineering (Cl. 15-04).

Note: Including sleighs and air-cushion vehicles.

Note: Not including safety belts for the seats of vehicles (Cl. 29-02), door handles for vehicles (Cl. 08-06). Not including pantographs for electric locomotives or trams (Cl. 13-03).

Note: Not including railway rails and sleepers (Cl. 25-01), buffers for railway terminals (Cl. 25-99) and railway signals (Cl. 10-06).

13 Equipment for production, distribution or transformation of electricity

Note: Including only apparatus which produces, distributes or transforms electric current. Including electric motors, however. Not including electrically-driven apparatus, such as electric watches (Cl. 10-02), or apparatus for the measurement of electric current (Cl. 10-04).

Note: Including electric motors for vehicles.

Note: Including conductors, switches and switchboards.

Note: Not including solar heat collectors (Cl. 23-03).

15 Machines, not elsewhere specified

Note: Including non-electric engines for vehicles. Not including electric motors (Cl. 13).

Note: Not including hand or foot pumps (Cl. 08-05), or fire extinguishing pumps (Cl. 29-01).

Note: Including ploughs and combined machinery, i.e., both machines and vehicles, for example, reaping and binding machines. Not including hand tools (Cl. 08).

Note: Including machines used in civil engineering and self-propelled machines such as excavators, concrete mixers and dredgers. Not including hoists and cranes (Cl. 12-05).

Note: Including appliances and machines for treating linen and clothes, such as ironing machines and wringers. Including dishwashing machines and industrial drying equipment.

Note: Including household refrigeration apparatus. Not including refrigerator wagons (rail) (Cl. 12-03) or refrigerator vans (road) (Cl. 12-08).

16 Photographic, cinematographic and optical apparatus

Note: Not including lamps for photography or cinematography (Cl. 26-05).

Note: Including microfilming equipment and apparatus for viewing microfilms, as well as office machines known as "photocopying" apparatus which use other than photographic processes (in particular, thermal or magnetic processes).

Note: Including filters for photographic cameras, exposure meters, tripods and photographic flash apparatus.

Note: Including spectacles and microscopes. Not including measuring instruments embodying optical devices (Cl. 10-04).

17 Musical instruments

Note: Not including cases for musical instruments (Cl. 03-01), or equipment for the recording or reproduction of sounds (Cl. 14-01).

Note: Including electronic and other organs, accordions, and mechanical and other pianos.

Note: Not including organs, harmoniums and accordions (Cl. 17-01).

Note: Including music boxes. Not including mechanical keyboard instruments (Cl. 17-01).

18 Printing and office machinery

Note: Not including computers and other apparatus to be placed in Cl. 14-02.

Note: Including typesetting machines, stereotype machines and apparatus, typographic machines and other reproducing machines such as duplicators and offset equipment, as well as addressing machines, franking and cancelling machines. Not including computer printers (Cl. 14-02) and photocopying machinery (Cl. 16-03).

Note: Including machines and similar devices for cutting paper, analogous to guillotines and trimmers.

19 Stationery and office equipment, artists' and teaching materials

Note: Including all paper, in the widest sense of the term, which is used for writing, drawing, painting or printing, such as tracing paper, carbon paper, newsprint, envelopes, greetings cards and illustrated postcards, even if they embody a sound recording.

Note: Including equipment used at cash desks, such as change sorters. Some office equipment is to be placed in other subclasses or classes, for example, office furniture in Cl. 06, office machines and equipment in Cl. 14-02, Cl. 16-03, Cl. 18-01, Cl. 18-02 or Cl. 18-04, and writing materials in Cl. 19-01 or Cl. 19-06 (see Alphabetical List).

Note: Not including diaries (Cl. 19-04).

Note: Including covers of books, bindings, albums, diaries and similar objects.

Note: Not including paintbrushes (Cl. 04-04), drawing tables and attached equipment (Cl. 06-03), or writing paper (Cl. 19-01).

Note: Including maps of all kinds, globes and planetariums. Not including audiovisual teaching aids (Cl. 14-01).

Note: Including printed advertising materials.

20 Sales and advertising equipment, signs

Note: Not including articles of furniture (Cl. 06).

Note: Including luminous advertising devices and mobile advertising devices. Not including packaging (Cl. 09), or signalling devices (Cl. 10-06).

21 Games, toys, tents and sports goods

Note: Including scale models. Not including toys for animals (Cl. 30-99).

Note: Including sports apparatus and equipment that are necessary for the practice of various sports and which normally have no other specific purpose, such as footballs, skis and tennis rackets, excluding all other sporting objects classified in other classes and subclasses according to other functions (for example, canoes, boats (Cl. 12-06), air guns (Cl. 22-01), mats for sports (Cl. 06-11)). Including, subject to the reservation mentioned under a., training equipment, and apparatus and equipment necessary for outdoor games. Not including sports clothing (Cl. 02), toboggans or sleighs (Cl. 12-14).

Note: Including fairground roundabouts and automatic machines for games of chance. Not including games and toys (Cl. 21-01), or other articles to be placed in Cl. 21-01 or Cl. 21-02.

Note: Including poles, pegs and other similar articles. Not including other camping articles to be placed in other classes according to their nature, such as chairs (Cl. 06-01), tables (Cl. 06-03), plates (Cl. 07-01), and caravans (Cl. 12-10).

24 Medical and laboratory equipment

Note: The term "medical equipment" covers also surgical, dental and veterinary equipment.

Note: Including fixed medical apparatus and equipment. Not including hand-operated instruments and equipment (Cl. 24-02).

Note: Not including walking sticks (Cl. 03-03).

25 Building units and construction elements

Note: Including bricks, beams, pre-shaped strips, tiles, slates and panels.

Note: Including windows, doors, outdoor shutters, partition walls and gratings. Not including staircases (Cl. 25-04).

28 Pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, toilet articles and apparatus

Note: Not including packaging (Cl. 09).

Note: Including for animals. Including chemicals in cachet, capsule, lozenge, pill and tablet forms, also for plants. Not including materials for dressing wounds and nursing (Cl. 24-04).

Note: Including for animals.

Note: Including razors, hair-removing appliances, apparatus and appliances for massaging. Not including toilet and make-up brushes (Cl. 04-02), or grooming articles for animals (Cl. 30-10). Not including hair styling apparatus and instruments (Cl. 28-06).

Note: Including apparatus and appliances for cutting hair. Not including false hairpieces (Cl. 28-04). Not including grooming articles for animals (Cl. 30-10).

29 Devices and equipment against fire hazards, for accident prevention and for life saving

Note: Including fire extinguishers. Not including fire engines (vehicles) (Cl. 12-13), fire-hoses and nozzles for fire-hoses (Cl. 23-01).

Note: Including devices and equipment for animals. Not including helmets (Cl. 02-03) and garments for protection against accidents (Cl. 02-02, Cl. 02-04 or Cl. 02-06).

31 Machines and appliances for preparing food or drink, not elsewhere specified

Note: Not including hand-operated utensils, instruments and appliances for serving or preparing food or drink (Cl. 07), or kitchen knives, knives for boning meat (Cl. 08-03).

The information on this page is for general reference and does not constitute legal advice. Laws, fees, deadlines and classifications may change. Please refer to the latest official publications.
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